Methods of Job Analysis and the Importance of Job Analysis

5 Rules for Using Logic to Order Lists

5 Rules for Using Logic to Order Lists 5 Rules for Using Logic to Order Lists 5 Rules for Using Logic to Order Lists By Mark Nichol At least five factors dictate how items in an in-line list a series of items within a paragraph, as opposed to a vertical list are organized. (See an earlier post about in-line lists.) It’s all about the context: alphabetization, chronology, complexity, interrelationship, or sequence. (Guess which context I chose for the preceding sentence.) 1. â€Å"Our shop specializes in teak, ebony, and mahogany furniture.† The store may stock more teak than ebony and more ebony than mahogany, or the order may reflect relative prices, but the sentence does not explicitly or implicitly express either idea. In such ambiguous cases, alphabetical order is an appropriate default setting: â€Å"Our shop specializes in ebony, mahogany, and teak furniture.† 2. â€Å"The major US wars of the nineteenth century were the Mexican-American War, the Civil War, and the War of 1812.† The presentation of information in this sentence does not justify the order in which the list items are given. If it specifically referred to the relative cost in human lives or in dollars, for example, then the sequence would follow that theme, but in the absence of an obvious context, reference to historical events should be chronological: â€Å"The major US wars of the nineteenth century were the War of 1812, the Mexican-American War, and the Civil War.† 3. â€Å"Among his favorite musical pastimes are drumming in a world music ensemble, yodeling, and playing the harpsichord.† Again, absent a contextual framework for a list, it’s best to impose order. In this case, the somewhat amorphous descriptions don’t readily admit an alphabetical scheme, so perhaps, for euphony, the items should be arranged from simplest to most complex in terms of syllabication: â€Å"Among his favorite musical pastimes are yodeling, playing the harpsichord, and drumming in a world music ensemble.† 4. â€Å"It is allowed in some countries, forbidden in a few, and tolerated in others.† This list describes three degrees of tolerance for a certain policy, so the items should be listed in an ascending or descending order: â€Å"It is allowed in some countries, tolerated in others, and forbidden in a few.† 5. â€Å"Take a look at the map, and you will see that Scandinavia consists of Norway, Finland, Denmark, Iceland, and Sweden.† Without the reference to the map, this sentence could be organized by any one of several schemes, including alphabetical order, geographical location, and relative size. But because speakers of English generally read left to right, and maps are usually oriented to the north, a west-to-east organizational scheme seems most appropriate: â€Å"Take a look at the map, and you will see that Scandinavia consists of Iceland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Finland.† (OK, Denmark’s westernmost point is slightly to the east of Norway’s, but would you separate the twins Norway and Sweden?) These contexts are not always mutually exclusive: In a sentence like â€Å"The Olympic medals are gold, silver, and bronze,† the scheme could be described as one of interrelationship (gold is more valuable than silver, which is more valuable than bronze) or sequence (gold is for first place, silver for second place, and bronze for third place). But that’s not the point; the idea is to provide some framework any framework for a list so as not to distract the reader. Sometimes, a list’s lineup is determined more by tradition than anything else: â€Å"The original Three Stooges consisted of Moe, Larry, and Curly.† Moe was the leader of the group, but there’s no reason to mention Larry before Curly rather than the other way around except that it seems to trip off the tongue more easily that way. Sometimes, that’s as good a reason as any. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Coordinating vs. Subordinating Conjunctions50 Synonyms for "Assistant"Ebook, eBook, ebook or e-book?

Criminology Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Criminology - Movie Review Example Danny Ocean recruits his old friend Rusty Ryan (Brad Pitt), and they pool a dream gang of criminals, each of whom has a special role. There is a computer expert, a destruction expert, a con man, a pickpocket etc. When the plan is on move, Danny Ocean goes to the Bellagio. Benedict sees him and has him confined in storeroom to be tortured by the Bruiser. But, Bruiser his is friend and allows him to escape via a ventilation shaft to join his group in the vault. Linus pretends to be a gaming agent and informs Benedict that one of his workers is a former con. Linus and Frank stage fight in presence of Benedict so that Linus can steal codes to access the vault written on a paper inside Benedicts coat. Yen joins the team in the casino vault to help in activating the explosives from the inside. Posing as rich arms dealer Saul sneaks explosives into the casino and then fakes a heart attack that is treated by Rusty pretending to be a doctor. The group triggers a stolen device to briefly interrupt the casinos power system, allowing them to break the vault unnoticed. As Benedict tries to restore calmness resulting from the power outage, Rusty secretly calls him and informs him that the vaults is being robbed and that all the money will be damaged if he fails to cooperate in stocking some money into a car waiting outside . After observing video footage of the vault, he cooperates in loading the money but orders his team to follow the car after it leaves and calls security to safeguard the money left in the vault. The men following the car find out that it is being remote controlled and instead of money its carrying flyers. Benedict realizes that the vault video footage he had been watching was pre-recorded and was pre-recorded. A flashback shows that Danny had used the vault replica to produce the false video Benedict had watched. The rest of the group posed as security officials and steal the money in the

MGMT436 U4 DB1 External Consultant Research Paper

MGMT436 U4 DB1 External Consultant - Research Paper Example Timeliness, cost and quality of services causes complaints. Thirdly, glowing internal expenses and cost of services are growing every year due management of global operations managements (Hughes, 1990). The internal consulting team finds what is lacking by analyzing and surveying the mentioned problems. Considerable persistence was taken to get the results. The following changes were made to create a correct structure. The task was restructured and done correctly by identifying loopholes in the functional setup. The ‘functional’ setup was slow since it lacked compliance. The task is made customer focused by restructuring towards geographic groups. The change factors that were addressed shows successfully that particular jobs were readjusted to conform with the job enrichment tenets, which have a complete customer focus rather than focusing on the functional expertise. The approach still calls for more improvements. Measurements were instituted to help focus on the productivity improving and quality. Though it worked well, there are still personnel problems and a slow corporation. The following factors need more attentions than the others. Despite the changes and the suggestions, the following factors need to be worked upon. They are, curbing the ever rising expenses, dealing with low cooperation from employees and, handling the personal problems of the

Children and Young Peoples Workforce (QCF) Coursework

Children and Young Peoples Workforce (QCF) - Coursework Example A key worker system ensures that a practitioner who has been given the responsibility of looking after a number of children, therefore, develops in-depth knowledge about them based on continuous interaction and constant observation of the children. Loving and secure relationships with key carers and parents enable children to grow up to be strong and independent. Children will learn to deal with various circumstances with support from their parents and caregivers. Poor quality attachments have negative effects on the development of babies and children. It has been identified that all kinds of anti-social behaviors are as a result of poor quality attachments between children and their parents. Children who do not have stable childhoods and are not given full attention by their parents do not get opportunities for benefiting from the important learning that takes place in parent-child interactions. Continuous contact with parents and caregivers is therefore important in ensuring children grow up normally. This way, children will be able to form quality attachments to their parents and other individuals (Beaver, Brewster and Jones, 2001p 241). Parents and carers are encouraged to engage sensitively with babies and young children by giving them time to respond. Children and young babies learn best and effectively at their own pace. Parents are therefore encouraged to allow their children adequate time to follow and absorb their own interests. Children have their own time when they can learn, develop, explore as well as practice. Responsive care includes circumstances where the carer is responding to a child’s needs in a sensitive, consistent and prompt manner. Responses provided by the carer should be sensitive towards the needs and preferences of a child. Caregivers should attend to a child’s needs consistently. The carer should be able to respond and manage situations promptly so as to avoid delays.

Characteristics Of A Community Worker

Characteristics Of A Community Worker Introduction Human beings have been engaged with a series of occupations from hunting to what we are today. As societies and communities began to exist, several actions were done simply to tackle a common problem or to spread awareness resulting to what we call today as voluntary work. Voluntary work when it relates to the needs of a community, it is referred to as voluntary community work. The professional and voluntary community workers are both motivated by the incessant need to contribute positively to the community. Both types of community work include doing some sort of work that benefits the community. This could be anything from taking care of people in old peoples homes, to working for the children and their families. Community service comes in many different forms, such as belonging to a service organization, making donations to the needy, spending your time contributing towards the betterment of the society. Some community workers may be called upon to perform admirable actions like saving peoples lives, however there are smaller ways that an individual can help his community. (Standard Journal) Professional community service relates to everything that is done for the community for money and for acquiring skills and experience. Professional and voluntary work, are different ways of doing community service. The voluntary service is based on self motivation and the urge to improve the community without any selfish reasons while the major motivator of a professional community worker is his salary. Today the two ways are being combined. Most individuals and companies nowadays actively tackle social issues while taking advantage of personal profit and recognition within the industry. Community Service Community service is about helping others either directly or indirectly in order to improve the condition of the community in which we are living. Community service is different from other institutions as it deals with local problems rather than global problems at large. Community service is based on the idea that it is a good thing someone is doing without expecting anything in return. The real beauty of serving your community is that you get to help others, and in the end, it helps you too to have a better community with happy people and a safer environment. There are many reasons people do community service and there are many different ways in which to contribute, but the main idea is to make the world a better place to live. (communityserviceopportunities.php) There are various reasons why people engage in community service, some are voluntary and some are non voluntary. Some people like to do community service because they feel that it is the best way to improve their community. There is always somebody for whom your help and time can be necessary; this is good reason to work at giving back to the community. Many persons view community service as an important aspect of citizenship or values, while others do it because of their religion. Yet there are people who engage in community service in order to fulfill requirements for certain company, as a need to graduate from an institutions, or even as a mandatory legal punishment given by judges instead of or in addition to jail time or fines. The concept behind this is that the law can find a way to punish criminals or offenders at the advantage of the community and giving law breakers a reminder about what it means to be a good citizen. (communityserviceopportunities.php) Irrespective of the reasons to be a community worker, it is essential to remember that community service itself takes on many forms from cleaning the road monthly to helping children in poverty. There are many ways to make the community a nice place to live. Prevalent forms of community service are beautification efforts such as picking up garbage or ameliorating landscaping work, while many others are focused on education or welfare of children where community workers can improve writing skills of children of making a safe place for them when their parents are away from home. Characteristics of a community worker The community worker must be trained and knowledgeable but this is not all. The persons who need to investigate and assist communities must know and understand themselves. Before one can evaluate what is happening with others, community workers must be centered and above reproach in their own life. The worker must be aware of the code of ethics associated with the job he is doing. Their ability and commitment to act ethically is an essential aspect of the quality of the service offered to those who use community services. (National Code of Ethics, 2012) A community worker needs to be able to put aside his biases and deal with others in a logical and professional. If someone is honest with himself, if he knows his lacking, see his capacities, and is aware or his personal beliefs, he will be more likely capable of putting them on one side to tackle others justly and no prejudices. It is difficult to discuss with a family member who raped his biological daughter of 13 years old like in Mauritius in 2011. (Le Defi, 2011) But, if you are a community worker, you need to have good relationships with that abuser in order to develop trust and ease healing. A community worker must remain neutral and collect facts. A community worker needs to have active listening skills, not to formulate an answer, but hear what is being said. From this data, the worker needs to make quick decisions in difficult situations. Not listening actively may cause unnecessary pain to people who are involved. Each family feels that they are the only one to have come across a tragic experience; however there are many things in common that exist in most of the cases. (Fairbairn, G.J. 2002) The community worker needs to learn how to remove stress. Stress is one of the main causes of heart attacks. The worker needs to know how to remove stress from his life for instance by doing meditation or physical exercises. Dealing with other peoples issues is difficult if you have feelings. The quote is, God does not give anyone more than they can handle, but community workers handle problems that cannot be discussed with other people apart if the case is really complicated like the person wants to harm himself or someone else. To become a successful community worker, one needs to developl maturity as well as experience. One of the most important skills for a community worker is to be able to empathize. Community workers must go beyond sympathy. To succeed as a community worker, one must feel true empathy for people and be able to place yourself in another persons position. (Fairbairn, G.J. 2002) Voluntary community workers Voluntary community workers work on a salary free basis. They perform actions that benefit the community. They dont get money for the work they do. Furthermore, they are not required to be qualified to perform voluntary community work; they just need to be motivated to do good for the community. Voluntary community work is a group of people or a person who is wants to work for the welfare of the community without being paid. They are helping out other needy neighbors without taking any money for it. These workers should not ask money for their contribution. They should work sincerely with dedication. Being voluntary workers, they should not think that they do not need to put all their effort in what they are doing as they will not get any revenue. Professional community worker Professional community workers are required to be trained and qualified for the work they do, such as a doctor or a manager. Professional community workers get a salary like any other employees. Professional community work is most often done by organizations for money. They get money for whatever they are doing. These workers should perform their work loyally but also expect to get paid for it. They work for the community while being paid and have all the requirements necessary to be able to work towards the betterment of the (community. (Community Dev J.1980) Service delivery Service delivery can be defined as the relationship between the community worker and the inhabitants of the community, and those who benefit from the services, it comprises of both the services and the support provided. Community based approaches Community based approaches is defined as a group of approaches, put into practice in community-level programs or as part of local programs. Amount of involvement differ along set of factors from consultation with inhabitants to use of resources, decision making and implementation of the program in the community. Participatory approaches have existed since many years but the amplitude of beneficiary control in development projects differs considerably. (Cliffe et al., 2003) Community-based approaches are becoming very common and are used in many situations in the presence or absence of a capable government. Community-based approaches can be adopted in places where regular help is not available. Advocates of community-based approaches state that their built in adjustability makes it easy to interfere in places where the government is fragile, however those against say that in practice they often miss to be established, or attenuate. (Cliffe et al., 2003) Objectives of community-based approaches Just like service delivery, a set of objectives are associated with community based approaches. Four types of objectives will be discusses further: empowerment, building organizational capacity, improving efficiency, effectiveness and sustainability and strengthening local government. Empowerment of people and communities Community-based projects have the capacity to be more encompassing, to empower communities, and enhance relationships between civil society and the state (Narayan, 1998; Alkire et al, 2004). Some have doubts on whether complicated things such as empowerment can be tackled through participation in community development projects (Mosse, 2001). Sometimes it is viewed as a way to ameliorate problems while in other situations it is seen as a factor having a built in value and is a limitation in itself. Improve efficiency, effectiveness and sustainability of interventions There is large consensus that community-based interventions have the capacity to be more acknowledging to the necessities and aims of inhabitants. Furthermore, there are proof that community-based projects are more productive due to lower degree of bureaucracy and excelling information of local costs (McLeod, 2003) .The projects that include mostly resources available locally tend to be more sustainable. (Ribot, 1995). Build organizational capacity at local level Mobilization of communities determines difficulties, plan and manage projects help to empower community ability for group process. Significant questions encompass the term community and the ways in which the necessities of sub-groups and people are depicted, for instance black or poor people. Community-based approaches try to establish social capital but while this is a beneficial idea it is most of the time put into practice uncritically with improper understanding of cultural and political condition and vested concern in the status quo (Harris, 2001). Strengthen local governance Community-driven progress is more and more being advanced as a way of strengthening state-community synergies (Das Gupta et al., 2004). These approaches capacitate communities to order services and provide a means for rebuilding trust and accountability and re-building the social contract between communities and the state. The aims of making more powerful local government and distributing improved services are often confused. Strength to meet short term goods targets often divert the mind from organizational changes required to make service delivery systems sustainable in the long run. Service delivery of a voluntary community worker People have sometimes worked with the idea of wanting to find some way to give back to their community, and help those who cannot help themselves. Some can volunteer and simply talk to people so that they have a good day and making them happy. Others may to hospitals and help the old people, having conversations and listening to them, thus acquiring maturity. These individuals are most of the time more than grateful to have a talk with someone and being listened to. Similarly, volunteers are also able to help children by doing activities like drawing with them. Volunteers are satisfied with the happiness of the people whom the help. (Helping others is good for you, 1998) By volunteering and doing community service, many people get a maturity that they cannot get anywhere else. Volunteers are given the chance to see life from different perspectives, and gain a lot of humility at the end. . (Helping others is good for you, 1998) When volunteering, these people are able to give as much of their time as they want, the commitment becomes theirs. They have no problem in getting involved with the work as it is being done out of their freewill. By doing community work voluntarily, an individual not only makes a difference in his life but also in all the lives of people who will benefit from his service. (Billig S.H. 2002) Those who engage in voluntary community service are motivated by a personal force, they are happy if they are able to make a difference in somebodys life and do not expect anything in return. Volunteers are altruist by nature that is they like to help people without any interest; they have compassion for those who need help. When doing community service voluntarily, the volunteer will not care about timing if he really wants to help the other person; he will not have to respect the organizations working hours to help someone. When working for an organization, the workers will have to abide by the rules and regulations assigned, if they want to help someone they will have to do so only during working hours. (Billig S.H. 2002) Service delivery of a paid community worker To be able to work for an organization and being remunerated, the community worker must be trained, that is he will possess the skills, experience and will understand the importance of the codes of ethics. Thus he will be in a better position to take rapid and effective decisions for the welfare or the community. To get the job, the individual have the necessary qualifications and fulfill the organizations requirements to be considered worthy thus he will b at a good position to take wise and good decisions. (Learning In Deed, 2005) Being a professional worker, the person will have all the resources necessary to be able to help the needy; he will furthermore be able to use all the resources effectively without giving too much or too little. Also the worker will have a good database, the contact details of all the persons who can be of any help. The company will provide back up to the worker in case of accident, he will be covered by insurance unlike voluntary community workers. (Learning In Deed, 2005) Working in an organization only as a means to get a salary can also be problematic as the community workers main objective will not be to help people in the community but rather to earn money. The worker will not have the same motivation to do something good for others as he will anyway get his salary at the end of the month. When working with the elderly and children, the community worker might not feel happy and might also not make an effort to put a smile on other peoples face. His prime objective will not be to make others happy, the worker will not be satisfied by seeing the neighborhood happy unlike with voluntary community worker. The community worker does his work only as a means to get a salary will have no interest to help people or to work for the betterment of the community. If he encounters a case outside his working hours he will not try to help the people needing help as he will not consider it as part of his work. As soon as his working hours are over he will find it of no use to work for this community. (Learning In Deed, 2005) Critical Analysis It is true that while engaging in community service out of free will the individual will feel happy to be able to contribute for the welfare of the community, however the voluntary community worker will face time constraints, he may be doing the work voluntarily as he is not able to do it on a full time basis as he has already some other engagements. Furthermore voluntary community workers will not have enough resources to help those who need help, for instance building a place for children to spend their leisure time when parents are absent require a lot of resources which unpaid workers might not possess. They will also lack the skills that are needed in difficult situations like dealing with delinquent children; they may take the wrong decisions unconsciously and are guided by their emotions instead of being logical. On the other hand, paid community workers may possess the required qualifications, skills, experience, resources and database but if their only motivation is their sa lary, they will not make any effort to solve the problems of the people in the community. Conclusion Hence, as we can see both voluntary and paid community works have their advantages and disadvantages. The best thing that can be done is to merge the two so as to be able to really benefit the community. By merging the two types, the worker will have the resources to help improve the locality, he will be able to take the right decisions with all the skills, qualifications and by respecting the codes of ethics, have time to handle the cases, and he will have a sense of worthiness helping the neighborhood moreover in return he will get a salary to be able to cater for his expenses. The community worker should not however work only as a way to get a salary. The government can empower both professional and voluntary social workers in terms of resources, access to information and technology and provide training, so that they can do their work more efficiently. By merging voluntary and professional community work, not only will the community benefit but the worker will also gain maturity.

WVO Quines Epistemic Paradigm :: Naturalized Epistemology

WVO Quine's Epistemic Paradigm Since its publication in 1969, Quine's seminal essay entitled Epistemology Naturalized has had a polarizing effect on pursuits in this field. Many have rejected the naturalist approach to epistemology on the grounds that it is mere relativism (see below), while others have celebrated Quine's program for articulating an empirical approach to epistemology. In what follows, I will endeavour to provide a clean explanation of some of the central features of Quine's naturalism and point out what I believe are the strengths and weaknesses of these features and, I will offer a brief account of why I believe Quine's naturalism to be an exemplary approach to clarifying how epistemic pursuits ought to be carried out. 1. Quine's Naturalism What then is naturalized epistemology according to Quine? Simply stated, it is the departure from traditional philosophy insofar as it invites empirical science to play a crucial role clarifying the explanatory relation between theory and evidence. The reason that this is a departure from the tradition is because philosophical doctrine has clung to the notion that epistemology is primarily a normative inquiry concerned with the pure justification of our claims to knowledge. One of the major, and perhaps ironic, problems with the traditional view, however, is that there has been much disagreement over just which criteria are to count as justification in the first place. If we need justification to increase the liklihood that our beliefs are true, and thus wind up with knowledge, then how are we to know that our original criteria are themselves justified? The most familiar strategy1 against this risk of infinite regress is to accept only beliefs that are indubitably true, such as first-person reports of conscious phenomena or clear and distinct ideas. From this initial cache of first principles one could then, were this endeavour successful, rationally reconstruct an epistemically justified account of how we come to have knowledge. Quine characterizes this approach generously by drawing a parallel to the attempted reduction of mathematics when he says: "ideally the obscurer concepts would be defined in terms of the clearer ones so as to maximize clarity, and the less obvious laws would be proved from the more obvious ones so as to maximize certainty."2 With this kind of foundationalist epistemology, once one has defined which first principles are to be accepted as justified truths, one can then proceed with the project of explaining science (inter alia) in accordance with them.